In theory, ESS can almost be built anywhere. From a safety point of view, ESS can be built anywhere in Sweden.
However, if ESS is to achieve its aim, that is, become a world-leading research centre and attract the very best researchers, the location must fulfil several criteria. There must be an established, dynamic research community and a competitive, research-based commercial and industrial scene. There must be an organised international public transport network – it must be easy to travel to ESS and, from there, reach other laboratories where complementary research activities can be performed.
Furthermore, the area must offer a good standard of living, with international schools and a broad job market for accompanying partners. The living environment must be attractive, with access to what is on offer in the city and good recreational opportunities.
Sweden would not have any chance of beating the rival options if the proposed location did not fulfil these requirements.